Activity #2 Atoms Activity 2: Atom and Atomic Structure and their Structures

Activity 2: Atom and Atomic Structure 
Questions:
 Sulfur:
1. What is the atomic number? 16
2. What is the atomic mass number? 32.065 amu
3. In your models, which two subatomic particles are equal in number? Protons, Neutrons and electrons (16).

Neon:
1. What is the atomic number for each of your models? 10
2. What is the atomic mass number for each of your models? 20.1797 amu
3. In your models, which two subatomic particles are equal in number? Protons, neutrons, electrons (10).

Boron:
1. What is the atomic number for each of your models? 5
2. What is the atomic mass number for each of your models? 10.811 amu
3. In your models, which two subatomic particles are equal in number? Protons and electrons (5).

4. How would you make an isotope for one of your models?  What would change with the model? Ne-20. You change the mass number. There are still 10 Protons but the mass changes to 19. 9924≈20 amu.
5. Considering the overall volume of your element models, what makes up most of the volume of an atom? The electron cloud makes up a lot of the bigger ones but the nucleus makes up the most solid volume of the smaller ones.
6. For one of your models, show with another image what happens when energy excites an electron. The electron in the situation jumps to the highest electron cloud.

7. Once the electron is excited, what do we typically observe when the electron returns to the ground-state?  Photon is emitted which causes light. (cool!).
8. Why are some elements different colors when they are excited?
K (potassium): Blue
Sr (Strontium): magenta/pink
Li (lithium): Red
Ca (calcium): orange
9. Do a little research to list which elements are used to make the different colors of fireworks.

Antimony - glitter effects.
Barium - Barium is used to create green colors.
Calcium - Calcium is used to deepen firework colors. Calcium salts produce orange fireworks.

Copper - Copper compounds produce blue colors in fireworks.

Lithium - Lithium is a metal that is used to impart a red color to fireworks.
Magnesium - Magnesium burns a very bright white

Phosphorus - glow-in-the-dark effects.

10.  Explain the overall organizational structure of the periodic table.

Groups/Families are the vertical columns. The periods are the horizontal columns (metallic on left and non-metallic on the right). The elements are arranged in order by atomic number. Alkali Metals:  Group 1A, Alkaline Earth Metals:  Group 2A, Halogens:  Group 7A, Noble Gases:  Group 8A.

11. List two example elements for each of these groups or classes:
Alkali Metals: Sodium and potassium
Alkaline Earth: Magnesium and Calcium
Halogens: Fluorine, Chlorine
Noble Gases: Neon, Helium, Krypton
Transition Metals: Iron, Zirconium
Non-Metals: Carbon, Oxygen
Metalloids: Boron and Arsenic